©1996-2021. All Rights Reserved. Online Journal of Veterinary
Research. You may not store these pages in any form except for your own
personal use. All other usage or distribution is illegal under international
copyright treaties. Permission to use any of these pages in
any other way besides the before mentioned must be gained in writing from the
publisher. This article is exclusively copyrighted in its entirety to
OJVR. This article may be copied once but may not be, reproduced or
re-transmitted without the express permission of the editors. This journal
satisfies the refereeing requirements (DEST) for the Higher Education Research
Data Collection (Australia). Linking: To link to this page or any pages linking
to this page you must link directly to this page only here rather than put up
your own page
OJVRTM
Online Journal of Veterinary
Research©
Volume 23 (11):1145-1152, 2019.
Effect of transfer factor on delayed hypersensitivity,
macrophage migration,
mortality and histopathology in fowl with Newcastle disease.
1Khalifa AK, 2Muhammad-Jawad M.
1College of Medicine, Anbar
University, 2Veterinary
Practitioner, Iraq
ABSTRACT
Khalifa AK,
Muhammad-Jawad
M., Effect of transfer factor on
delayed hypersensitivity, macrophage migration mortality and histopathology in
fowl with Newcastle disease, Onl J Vet Res., 23 (11):1145-1152,
2019. Transfer factor (TF) is a dialysis moiety from
immune lymphocytes used to treat infection. Newcastle disease (NDV) causes high
mortality in chickens. We sourced TF from spleen cells and cultured lymphocytes
to activate chick lymphocytes In vitro and
In vivo. In vitro we used macrophage
migration inhibition (MIF) and In vivo
delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) wattle and skin tests. We tested NDV infected chickens with transfer factors
from anti-Newcastle immunized cells (TFS), non-immunized (TFN), vaccinated with
Lasota strain and saline controls. TF or vaccine was
given as 3 drops equivalent to 5x108 cell/ml
intranasal and oral 0.1ml daily for 3 days. In those given TFS there
were large increases (~34%) in bursae and wattle by 48 h. We found no
difference with saline controls. Delayed DTH in birds given TFS was confirmed
by marked MIF in 7/9 birds. However, 2/9 birds given TFN also exhibited MIF. Saline controls and those given TFN all died
from day 4 to 10 whereas only 1/7 vaccinated or chick given TFS died by day 10.
At necropsy, bursae showed extensive
hyperplasia of parafollicular lymphoid follicles and
newly developed germinal centers in cortical and paracortical
areas. In spleen there was extensive hyperplasia of peri-arteriolar
sheath area with proliferation of lymphoid cells and red pulp T lymphocytes
clearly differentiated. Our findings suggest TFS may induce immunity against
NDV in fowl.
Key-Words: Transfer Factor, Immunity, Newscastle’s,
Poultry.
FULL-TEXT (SUBSCRIBE OR PURCHASE
TITLE)