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OJVRTM
Online Journal of Veterinary
Research©
Volume 21(8):453-459, 2017.
Pre-emptive
analgesia in dogs undergoing bone marrow aspiration
with piroxicam and/or ketamine
(IM) and lidocaine (IV and SC)
Fatemeh Heydarpour1,
Moosa Javdani*2, Zahra Nikousefat3
1Department
of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical
Sciences, 2 Clinical
Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord
University and 3Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
ABSTRACT
Heydarpour F, Javdani M, Nikousefat Z., Pre-emptive analgesia in dogs undergoing
bone marrow aspiration with piroxicam and/or ketamine
(IM) and lidocaine (IV and SC), Onl J Vet Res., 21(8):453-459, 2017. Analgesic,
physiological and biochemical effects of intramuscular (IM) piroxicam
and ketamine or intravenous (IV) and/or subcutaneous (SC) local lidocaine in
dogs undergoing bone marrow aspiration (BMA) is described. Ten minutes before BMA, groups of 8
dogs each were pre-medicated IM with 0.3 mg/kg piroxicam,
or 4mg/kg ketamine, or 2mg/Kg lidocaine IV. Five minutes before BMA, all dogs
were injected 1.5 ml lidocaine (2%) SC at the proximal left
femur. Animals were evaluated for analgesia, heart and
respiratory rates, rectal temperature, blood glucose and
cortisol, before and, at 0.5, 2, and 3 h after BMA. Postoperative
analgesia was assessed by Lascelles scale. Heart rate increased in all dogs before
premedication reaching a maximum 0.5h after premedication, but then decreased.
Similarly rectal temperatures increased in all dogs by 0.5h. Before BMA, in
dogs given piroxicam, heart rate increased compared
with other treatments whereas in those given lidocaine IV it decreased. Plasma
glucose and cortisol increased in all dogs before premedication until 0.5h
after BMA, The increases were greater in those given piroxicam.
Piroxicam exhibited no
sedative or analgesic effects. Ketamine and lidocaine induced mild sedation and
analgesia. In dogs given ketamine, BMA was performed with no pain or visible
stress. Findings suggested that pre-operative sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine
IM combined with local SC lidocaine provided adequate sedation and pain control
for BMA in dogs.
Key words: Canine, piroxicam, ketamine, lidocaine, BMA.
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