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OJVRTM
Online
Journal of Veterinary Research©
Volume 20(11):704-711, 2016.
Serum cystatin c as early biomarker of chronic kidney disease in
dogs
Chacar, FC (DVM, MSc) ; Caragelasco, DS (DVM, MSc); Martorelli,
CR (DVM, MSc); Mori, C; Kogika, MM (DVM, PhD).
Department of Internal Medicine,
School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo,
Brazil. 87, Professor Orlando
Marques de Paiva Avenue 05508-270, Butanta, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil * Corresponding
Author: fernandachicharo@usp.br
ABSTRACT
Chacar FC, Caragelasco DS, Martorelli CR, Mori C, Kogika MM.,
Serum cystatin c as biomarker of chronic kidney disease in dogs, Onl J Vet Res., 20(11):704-711, 2016. In dogs, changes in creatinine concentrations are observed only
when 75% of renal mass is lost, affecting early diagnosis of chronic kidney
disease (CKD). Serum cystatin C may increase before serum creatinine
in CDK dogs allowing earlier diagnosis. Changes in serum cystatin C levels in 3
groups of 5 dogs each with stage 1, 2 and 3 IRIS of CKD are
described. Clinical data were recorded every 30 days for 2-5 months.
Spot samples from 14 healthy dogs were used as controls. Mean serum cystatin C
(± SEM) in stage 1 dogs was 0.23 ± 0.01 mg/L (min= 0.12, max= 0.46), stage 2
0.29 ± 0.02 mg/L (min= 0.10, max= 0.44) and stage 3 0.57 ± 0.04 mg/L (min=
0.31, max= 0.93). In control dogs, cystatin C concentration was 0.18 ± 0.01
mg/L (min = 0.07, max= 0.25). Significant differences between control and stage
3 (P < 0.0001), stage 1 and 3 (P < 0.0001), and stage 2 and 3 dogs (P
< 0.0001) occurred. Serum cystatin C correlated with creatinine values in
stage 3 dogs (r = 0.63, p= 0.005). Dogs with stage 1 CKD had increased cystatin
C at some point but no change in creatinine. In stage 2, ~50% dogs had high
cystatin C despite slight azotemia, with 2/5 dogs progressing to stage 3.
Cystatin C increased in all dogs with stage 3 CKD and poor prognosis. Cystatin
C values had high intra individual variability compared with creatinine. The
findings suggest serum cystatin C may be an early marker of kidney impairment
in dogs at stages 1 and 2 of CDK, but not renal function. Serum cystatin C
offers no advantage in testing latter stages of CKD compared with creatinine.
KEY-WORDS
serum creatinine; serum cystatin C; glomerular filtration rate; chronic kidney
disease
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