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OJVRTM

Online Journal of Veterinary Research©

Volume 20(11):704-711, 2016.


Serum cystatin c as early biomarker of chronic kidney disease in dogs

 

Chacar, FC (DVM, MSc) ; Caragelasco, DS (DVM, MSc); Martorelli, CR (DVM, MSc); Mori, C; Kogika, MM (DVM, PhD).

 

Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.  87, Professor Orlando Marques de Paiva Avenue 05508-270, ButantaSao Paulo-SP, Brazil * Corresponding Author: fernandachicharo@usp.br

 

ABSTRACT

 

Chacar FC,  Caragelasco DS, Martorelli CR, Mori C, Kogika MM., Serum cystatin c as biomarker of chronic kidney disease in dogs, Onl J Vet Res., 20(11):704-711, 2016. In dogs, changes in creatinine concentrations are observed only when 75% of renal mass is lost, affecting early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD).  Serum cystatin C may increase before serum creatinine in CDK dogs allowing earlier diagnosis. Changes in serum cystatin C levels in 3 groups of 5 dogs each with stage 1, 2 and 3 IRIS of CKD are described.  Clinical data were recorded every 30 days for 2-5 months. Spot samples from 14 healthy dogs were used as controls. Mean serum cystatin C (± SEM) in stage 1 dogs was 0.23 ± 0.01 mg/L (min= 0.12, max= 0.46), stage 2 0.29 ± 0.02 mg/L (min= 0.10, max= 0.44) and stage 3 0.57 ± 0.04 mg/L (min= 0.31, max= 0.93). In control dogs, cystatin C concentration was 0.18 ± 0.01 mg/L (min = 0.07, max= 0.25). Significant differences between control and stage 3 (P < 0.0001), stage 1 and 3 (P < 0.0001), and stage 2 and 3 dogs (P < 0.0001) occurred. Serum cystatin C correlated with creatinine values in stage 3 dogs (r = 0.63, p= 0.005). Dogs with stage 1 CKD had increased cystatin C at some point but no change in creatinine. In stage 2, ~50% dogs had high cystatin C despite slight azotemia, with 2/5 dogs progressing to stage 3. Cystatin C increased in all dogs with stage 3 CKD and poor prognosis. Cystatin C values had high intra individual variability compared with creatinine. The findings suggest serum cystatin C may be an early marker of kidney impairment in dogs at stages 1 and 2 of CDK, but not renal function. Serum cystatin C offers no advantage in testing latter stages of CKD compared with creatinine.

 

KEY-WORDS serum creatinine; serum cystatin C; glomerular filtration rate; chronic kidney disease


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